Indigenous Perspective Essay Example for Free

Indigenous Perspective EssayI agree with Professor Acuna and his historical statement. Along with Linda Tuhiwai Smith, their interpretations of the colonization of the Americas has long since been scene as the rape of a country for its riches, resourced and land is evident. The impact of the Catholic Church (I am catholic) at this time in history was one of the more or less devastating blows to the indigenous peoples of America, and the beginning an effort to wipe their nicetys and history form the global historical record. The pillage of gold and the exploitation of the indigenous people distinctly funded the beginning of Europes rapid expansion leading up to the Industrial Revolution. With give away the vast amount of gold and wealth taken from the continent, Europe would switch taken much more time to amass its wealth and the economical ability to pursue colonization around the globe.It is the aspect of the authors from both readings that our history from the perspective of currently accepted research is flawed. They claim, from an ethnocentric focus, any research conducted by a non-indigenous researcher is to re-inscribe a Western get. I agree that to legitimate and be considered real knowledge as they term it, such research should be from the perspective of an indigenous author. In addition, my perspective is that any non-indigenous researcher has to immerse themselves into the goal being studied. Smith especially argues that western research and critiques are but the cultural assumptions by a dominant culture, namely non-indigenous Americans.I think that Acunas baseball diamond declarations asserting his self professed socialist views that there is insidious ethnic prejudice woven into the fabric of American culture, and that minorities with an emphasis on Chicano and African culture are in fact victims of American society seems to be eccentric, but it does have the indication of validity to it. It was interesting to note that Professor Acuna actually had to go to court, in order to in order to obtain a position at an Institute of American Higher Education. Perhaps this is one of the best examples of his view on ethnic prejudice.I does seem to me that our current views on the history of the Americas should be expressed from the view of the ethnic culture that experienced it. What we read in grade school history books, does not tell us the perspective of the people who actually experienced colonization and its effects. The Mesoamericans were nearly wiped out and their cultures were devastated. These interpretations are clearly lacking.We are taught our history through rose-colored glasses that obstruct our vision of the destruction, enslavement, and rape of the early Americas through colonization of South and telephone exchange America. We are not taught that the cultures were largely wiped out by disease spread be their conquerors, or that the entire history of their culture was put to torch by catholic priests. Very fe w of the documents written by scribes of those cultures survived and exist today. What does exist is an enigma.

Emerging Technology and Its Implications Essay Example for Free

Emerging Technology and Its Implications EssayWith the increasing attention being accorded to climate change in the mainstream media these days, there is also an increase attention being given to technological solutions to assist in combating the problem.While much(prenominal) solutions ar admirable in that they go above and beyond the prevalent calls for recycling and the purchase of green products which have been proven to be of trivial impact upon the large scale flaws in systems of production and consumption that characterize industrial modernity not all of them should embraced uncritically. It is only by subjecting every proposal to save the planet to scrutiny that we can determine a truly sustainable future.One of the ideas that has been receiving increasing currency in environmentalist discussions are large scale planetary technofixes collectively referred to as geo-engineering or planetary engineering. These include mirrors in space designed to reflect excess amount of sunlight, artificial trees designed to suck carbon out of the atmosphere, and managed release of sulfates into the atmosphere, and many, many other expansive plans to ensure the ecological fabric of our planet.Heres the rub The term geo engineering is a rather questionable one, as it implies that it has the same kind of empirical or mathematical certainty as engineering when it doesnt. It smoothens over many of the bumps and curves that characterize our problems and demand creative solutions. In effect, planetary salvation becomes as easy as building a tunnel into a hill or a bridge across a river, when in fact our collective understanding of the general impacts is out-of-the- elbow room(prenominal) less than the geo engineering promoters would have us believe. One might as well call it planetary experimentation.While the potential benefits proposed are of an epic magnitude, this magnitude would also apply to the potential consequences. Take for example a proposal to suck ca rbon dioxide into the planets oceans by seeding it with iron deposits. Many, including the scientific Steering Committee of the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) and the World Conservation Union (IUCN) have observed that this has the potential to worsen ocean acidification and lead to blasting results for marine ecologyThe oceans are complex, dynamic, unpredictable and already vulnerable We need to build their resilience, not undermine it not quick fixes to this global problem that may cause far more long-term harm than goodish. (Gjerde)Additionally, the historical track record of large scale intervention in the name of environmental concern has never been very good to begin with, asserts Alex Steffen of WorldchangingFrom damming rivers to fighting forest fires to eliminating pests efforts have in hindsight been so overrun with unintended consequences as to become full-blown disasters, often worse than the original problems . And the personify of errors increase wit h the magnitude of the attempted solution. (Steffen)Geo engineering is essentially a silver bullet solution, one which reduces the political will to creatively retrofit our present lifestyles in such a manner as to be sustainable and environmentally sound, while still being able to enjoy the luxuries of post-industrial advancements. In essence, the tools for a greener world are already here and their downsides are negligible in the face of overwhelming benefits both environmental and societal.In any case, discussion over geo engineering only provides a distraction from mustering the political will necessary to effect true change. It provides climate change skeptics a justification for political indifference to redressing our present way of life Why opt for better designed cities, fuel efficient vehicles and profound infrastructural rethinking when we can merely erase the effects of our problematic systems?Ones stance on geo engineering is not a question of whether you are a techno utopian or a complete Luddite. However, there is a major(ip) distinction to be made between technology that is transparent in agenda, collaborative in nature, and egalitarian in application as well as easy to remedy and technology that is centralized, expensive and difficult to reverse. Between Star Wars a missile defense system saddled with so much decadency that does nothing to provide for homeland security and nuclear power a promise of perpetual source of energy whose failures wreaked massive consequences we ought to regard geo engineering with irresolution dangerous until proven safe.Geo engineering is unnecessary. Fixing the planet in such a manner is turning a blind eye to the way we harp it shows a lack of innovation and political courage that is necessary to the bright green future.Works CitedStiles, Lori. Space Sunshade Might Be Feasible In Global Warming Emergency. NASA Earth Observatory. 3 November 2006. Retrieved July 8, 2008 from http//earthobservatory.nasa.gov/ Newsroom/MediaAlerts/2006/2006110323537.htmlBentley, Molly. Guns and sunshades to rescue climate. BBC News. 2 March 2006. Retrieved July 8, 2008 from http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4762720.stmGjerde, Kristina. Hold back the geo-engineering tide. BBC News. 11 declination 2007. Retrieved July 8, 2008 from http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7133619.stmRomm, Joseph. Rule three of offsets No geo-engineering. Grist Magazine Online. 27 July 2007. Retrieved July 8, 2008 from http//gristmill.grist.org/story/2007/7/27/144848/844

Qualitative Data Analysis Techniques | Example Analysis

Qualitative Data epitome Techniques Example summaryThis work get under whizzs skins to perform a thematic qualitative information analysis of scripts entitled Is spontaneous abortion right or wrong? A commentary on qualitative data analysis techniques will be discussed and an recital of findings from the scripts (Appendix 1-3) presented. A conclusion summarising the main findings will then be drawn.Qualitative Data AnalysisIt is the range of processes and procedures whereby qualitative data has been put in almost form of explanation, understanding or interpretation to search for general statements about relationships among categories of data (Burns and Grove, 2002).TechniquesQualitative methodologies are identified by Glaser and Strauss (1967) as non statistical techniques that police detectives put on inductive logic to analyse yield correlations that are difficult to translate.Content AnalysisResearchers state that this is the simplest and most popular methodology. Ac cording to Carley (1990) it is the systematic description of demeanor by asking who, what, where and how questions. It can also be argued that the process is much more mechanical with the analysis being left until data is collected. Gibbs (2002) further highlight that the researcher then systematically works with each transcript assigning codes, which may be in numbers or words.Thematic AnalysisAccording to Miles and Huberman (1994) data is analysed by themes and highly inductive themes emerge from data. Data collection and analysis takes place simultaneously and prior background reading and fellowship on the topic can help to explain an emerging theme. Strauss and Corbin (1998) highlight that thematic analysis aims to understand data rather than k immediately it. The main aim is to end up with key themes that describe the essence of the study. Although it provides meaningful structure and non insightful information it is time consuming.Strauss and Corbin (1998 p180) highlight th at grounded theorists refer to the point when no freshly themes are being identified as theoretical intensity level. When and how saturation is considered depends on the text complexity and the researchers experience. More experienced researchers are likely to reach saturation later than novices. Wilson and Hutchinson (1996 p 123) also warn against premature closure where the researcher fails to move beyond the face value of the content in the narrative.Comparative AnalysisFinlay (2002) describes it as a logical and non statistical methodology. Data is compared and contrasted and the process slip aways until the researcher is satisfied that no new issues are emerging. Comparative analysis is often apply with thematic analysis. The researcher works backwards and forwards, constantly revisiting notes and research literature.Discourse AnalysisResearchers refer to it as complex and confusing. It was developed by social constructionists and is unremarkably used in cognitive psychol ogy. According to Potter (1996) it is also called conversational analysis, a method that think at the pattern of speech, how dowericular words are used and how people take turns in conversation. Discourse analysis performs an action rather than describe a specific state of affairs and analysis is spontaneous and reflective (Potter, 1996).Triangulation AnalysisInvolves strengthening by combining insights from both qualitative and quantitative analyses. According to Gibbs (2007), it contri moreoveres to the investigators efforts to get to information. Myers (2002) however argues that, there are major concerns with dependability and validity in triangulation and qualitative data. How does ace account for good or bad day inter postures? This has been criticised by some researchers, for there is no way to pronounce precision on the investigators judgement.Computer Aided Qualitative Data Analysis SoftwareNew qualitative data analysis software programmes are now available for comput er analyses. The Non Numerical Unstructured Data Indexing, Searching and Theorising (QSRS NUD*IST) software is a popular programme. Lewins and Silver (2007), however argue that, although computers save time, they stop the researcher from becoming familiar with the data. As also highlighted by Alexa and Zuell (2000), a computer can undertake these processes but it cannot think, judge or interpret qualitative data.ThemesThe authoritative parity between prolife and prochoice camp is mirrored in the respondents muckles on abortion. Given the attitude of people on abortion and the dominant images they have on prolife and prochoice, several(prenominal) themes can be traced for communication.Abortion is wrong in all circumstances (Prolife)Christians and most religious peoples look ats on abortion are much more in line with the Church and religion teachings that abortion is wrong. The visibleness sentiment in the respondents views is very much evident among all scripts.The official ch urch doctrine does not allow abortion, the underlying dimension of religion being the most predictive of its position on abortion. As stated by answering 1 abortion is murder of helpless innocent babies. Respondent 3 further supports Respondent 1 highlighting that, God is the giver of life and should be the only one to take it. There seem to be an undoubted consensus that abortion is wrong as also highlighted by Respondents 2 and 5 who both quote Thou shalt not kill from the Bibles Ten Commandments. Respondent 6 sums up this up nicely stating that, whether raped or not, life is life, no one has the right to take it away. Respondents 1, 2, 4 and 7 also express the view that, the process of abortion is a painful, dangerous procedure that poses a substantial risk to a womans physical and kind well being.Abortion is right in all circumstances (Prochoice)Abortion is a discourse promoted by prochoice movement. Feminists argue that it is an affirmation of womens rights to control their bodies. As Respondent 1 captures, It is a womans right to choose what happens to her body it is her body not the legislators or the Churchs. It can also argue that the foetus is part of her body and absolutely depends on her for viability. Respondent 2 further highlights that, Only the voice of the pregnant woman should put her future into perspective. Respondents 1,2,4,5 and 7 partly share the same view that society should not judge or blame any woman who chooses to have an abortion. The respondents clearly bring out that abortion is a ikon, the ultimate paradigm of right or wrong.Middle of the road (Prolife/Prochoice)One striking finding from the analysis is that, some respondents agree to abortion despite being in the profile camp. Respondents 1, 2,3,5,6 and 7 all state that they agree to abortion when the unborn tyke poses a substantial threat to the mothers life and also in rape or incest. The respondents also highlight that abortion should be considered in gross congenital abnormalities. Respondent 5 further states that, abortion can be morally accepted only when an unborn baby is suffering from a serious illness or disability. These factors together with the fact of multiculturalism in the United Kingdom may partly explain how peoples attitude and views has varied over the years and how the balance is consistently favouring abortion rights.ConclusionThe themes identified illustrate the multiple influences on peoples attitude and behaviour with regards to abortion. Although many a(prenominal) issues were raised, there were specific elements of culture and religion that shaped the respondents views. video Plays a Positive Role in Society Statement AssessmentTelevision Plays a Positive Role in Society Statement AssessmentTV plays a very important role in the building of a society. TV has changed the societies of world so much that we cant ignore its importance. First of all we have to know what the media is. TV is a source of information or communic ation and media plays a very significant role in everyones life. In todays modern society, media has give way a very big parts of our life. Its duty is to inform, drill and entertain. TV like a bridge between the governing bodies and general public. It is a powerful and flexible tool that influences the public to a great extent. TV is the voice of the voiceless and a great force in building the nation. However, although there are some positive effectuate of media on people, there are also many negative effects of media on people. For example, respect for life, bad influence on children and pain in the ass celebrities intentionally.Although there are some positive effects of TV on people, there are also many negative effects of TV on children. For example, respect for life, bad influence on children and hurting celebrities intentionally. Since the birth of communication, media has been used to convey information to those willing to absorb it. Beginning with publications and simp le spoken words, and soaring to new heights in the twentieth century with radio, television, and the internet, media have been made accessible to people in every aspect of their daily lives. With such a strong hold on modern society, good deal media have been able to shape popular culture and often influence public opinion. However, when abused, the power of tv can harm the general population. Biased media campaign to make people strive to be someone elses idea of perfect while subconsciously ignoring their own goals. Stereotypes formed by the media that include thin, tanned women, and wealthy, sizable men have led to a decline in self-acceptance. The majority of media today often present the perfect body to the public, hoping that consumers will strive to achieve fitness using a certain product or idea. While this form of advertising may somewhat increase a products market share, many people suffer from inner conflicts as a result of failure to achieve the body of a top athlete or fashion model. on with emotional conflicts, those influenced by the tv have encountered physical problems, including bulimia, anorexia, and the employment of harmful dietary plans. Unless reality is discerned from what is presented in certain media, some people will continue to suffer. Consumers could find the truth more easily if tv offered products advertised by normal people without all the extra glamor. In addition to this, if the public could view advertising only as something to get ones attention and not a portrayal of how one should look, there would be fewer problems. Until either is accomplished, the negative effects will be felt by the vulnerable, and companies will continue to make their money. Those consumers given a false impression about a product through various forms of media are the ones who suffer most from our societys portrayal of the perfect body. After being influenced by a television commercial or a cartridge holder pictorial, certain people in this worl d will purchase an item hoping that the same success shown in the medium will be had by them as well. Mentally, some may feel an improvement but in reality nothing has changed. Realization of this leads to the demise of many individuals self pride. The severity of both the psychic and physical damage done to the person depends on the case. Some may resort to extreme diets, more unnecessary spending, or a decline in social activity. The mental effects of the tvs portrayal of the perfect body can cause people to resort to unhealthy methods of losing weight to attain that athletic look that so many desire. Such conditions that can occur from trying to lose weight too fast are bulimia and anorexia. Bulimia is a forage disorder caused by mental insecurities (Larsen, Joanne). Doctors recommend that bulimic people see a psychiatrist because the illnesss symptoms, including compulsive exercise, taking laxatives, and throwing up, can cause ones body to become short on electrolytes, which is extremely unhealthy (Larsen, Joanne). Anorexia is a similar condition in which one loses exorbitant amounts of weight often by alimentation very little and vomiting what minute amount of food that is actually consumed (Mathias ). In one extreme case, a youthful woman lost an incredible xxx pounds in a period of a month (Mathias ). Because of the constant binging and purging, ones metabolism becomes abnormal and one puts on large amounts of weight by hardly eating anything (2).In the past, both men and women (predominately men) who were slightly overweight used a fat burning drug known as Redux. It was designed for obese individuals, but the off-label use of such drugs began rampant due to advertising techniques by the manufacturers (Lawsuit). Many people, including doctors, who were slightly overweight used the drug and have experienced pulmonary hypertension, valvular heart disease, and neurotoxicity (Lawsuit). Other drugs, such as steroids, have been widely proven to cause br ain cancer, stunted growth, and shrinkage of the testes (Mathias ). Many student-athletes use these performance enhancers in an attempt to become as muscular as the men often portrayed by media. This problem is also present in female teenagers as well. To some girls, steroid use is comparable to diet pills and laxatives (2). The abuse of these drugs is partly a result of inaccurate advertising as well as the young persons desire to look and perform as well as the superstars shown in various forms of media. How can a fifteen year-old be like Mike without slam up a performance enhancing steroid into his arm? The bottom line is that he can not. If TV were encouraged to present products in ordinary situations by ordinary people, there would be fewer negative effects as a result of advertising. Consumers might realize that an article of clothing is not meant whole for slender women but can be enjoyed by people of all sizes. The products may not necessarily sell because of their sexy ad vertisements, but rather because of the fashion of the items themselves. In the long run more customers would buy the product simply because it appeals to them. There would not be as many disillusioned people, and possibly some of the harmful activities done to lose weight could cease. If manufacturers would agree to this, it could help them financially as well. For example, in the Redux case, glamorous advertising cost the party millions of dollars in lawsuits and brand name recognition. If the product had been aimed only at seriously overweight people as the drug was originally intended, less money would have been lost, and the company could still haveitsgoodname. The bottom line is that people should make up their minds that they will not be negatively influenced by the media. In doing this, the public can view tv for what it truly is-a means of conveying information or supplying entertainment. Good common sense should tell a woman that the overly cunning person in an advertis ement is a model and should be admired for her beauty all women are not required to look like her to be attractive. The process of differentiating fact from fiction in advertising can not be described on paper. It can only happen in peoples minds, one at a time.As long as this method of advertising continues to sell products for companies, there will still be the gorgeous woman spunky around ones television classify with a Marlboro in her hand and a Versace evening gown covering very little of her body. Although there is no remove solution to ending personal suffering due to the images put in front of the American population, there is a starting point. Companies can still successfully sell products without beautiful babes. Also, if certain media can be viewed for entertainment purposes only, people can enjoy the beautiful bodies before them. However, if some still model themselves afterward Cindy Crawford or Tom Cruise, they will keep failing to meet their extremely high persona l goals. The medias negative grip on society can be greatly decreased if people remember just one thing what is on television is only an advertisement.To sum up, the effects of tv cannot be underestimated. They reach far into the foundation of the childs relationship to the world. They affect the childs values, their relationship to and estimation of other people, their relationship to themselves, their perception of reality. crimson childrens programs, cartoons and education shows are not only cherry-red in some cases, but they expose the child to behaviour that both shows lack of reverence and respect for other people, or encourages awareness of self image, which jars the child into growing up before her time. Not to mention the enormous impact and very researched field of the short-term and long-term effects of violence in the tv. Even regardless of the content watched, television, films and computer games are addictive, impoverish creativity and imagination, as well as keeping them sitting in front of a screen kind of of moving and playing(Winn, Marie,2002).I think, tv can be a huge challenge to avoid exposing young children and babies to it because the tv is so much part of modern life. One thing that helps immensely is to start by weaning oneself from it. Try to watch less TV, and to sing and learn to play an instrument instead of only listening to music, and be selective and attentive to content when playing music around the child.

Key Challenges Faced By The Bpo Industry Management Essay

Key Challenges Faced By The Bpo Industry Management EssayPeter Drucker says diversity is a change that creates a new dimension of performance.In todays vexation world, competition has become fierce and sophisticated. Companies worldwide atomic number 18 striving hard to curb as efficiently as possible and pass on the savings to the end consumers, in a bid to stay ahead of the competition. In the process, umteen companies are forced to innovate to come up with slipway to reduce costs, increase efficiency and identify differentiators non only for their own brasss but overly for their customer organizations. In the midst of this dog eats dog global competition, customers are true beneficiaries by demanding additional value, process regeneration and business conversion from suppliers.In todays dynamic world, innovation is the hallmark of a competitive and leadership organization. With attrition rates and competition in the BPO and ITES sectors rampant, innovation is the logi cal solution to theme the rot of this exodus and surge ahead of competition. innovation, however, is not only about discoveries or new inventions it is a concerted initiative to implement new ideas and methods of doing business to increase the overall efficacy of results (read topline and bottomline).Innovation in BPO and ITES sectors is at once picking up after companies have woken up to the fact that innovation is indispens commensurate for selection and in addition in creating a competitive edge. Innovation occurs not randomly or accidentally but when there is a proper system/ grammatical construction in place to encourage it. Any business is the sum total of its capabilities, which may differ from person to person. Nourishing innovation involves understanding the various capabilities in an organization and harnessing them to the best of its ability. These capabilities includeDifferentiating capabilities an organizations primary assets that describes its special nature and t he real differentiating factorCore capabilities those that are critical to the organizations survival, but may not necessarily help in differentiationSupport capabilities those that support the organizations core capabilities and foster them.This paper aims to analyse innovation in the Indian ITES industry, success thereof and the focus on needed to excel in the space. In particular, the organozation I was peeing for was suffering from all the symptoms mentioned in the report.Key Challenges reflexiond by the BPO industry today and ways to fight itFlight to ScaleGalloping Manpower CostsIncreasing investments in InfrastructureCustomer RetentionCustomer AcquisitionPeople RetentionTo face these challenges, BPOs are forced to innovate and differentiate themselves in the market place.There are various types of innovation that a BPO can resort toBusiness work InnovationServices/Markets innovationOperations InnovationBusiness Model Innovation would mean changing the structure of doi ng business or even changing the billing model. From an hourly billing rate or transaction based billing organizations are now looking at outcome based monetary models and sharing the risk and reward with the customer.Services/Markets Innovation would mean targeting entirely new markets based on new or existing offerings. BPOs can too innovate by coming up with entirely a new range of serve ups. For example, many organizations are now talking about computer program chopine BPO is about providing Business Processing services using a domain rich vertical or horizontal finish (platform). Good examples for Horizontal application would be FA, CRM etc. There are innumerable vertical platforms. Some examples are Mortgage Processing, Collection Management, Insurance Benefits Administration, Policy Administration, Claims Processing and the list goes on. The occasion of the platform is to give credibility to the BPO suppliers capability.Operations Innovation aims at providing operatio nal excellence with new offerings. Organizations are increasingly investing in analytics to provide the invitee insights into the way business is conducted and identifying areas of improvement. In one sense, it is akin to consulting services.Other forms of innovation could be in the areas of employee practices and investments in new engineering science.This is a significant change, which is true also of what is happening in IT and has a remarkable parallel with the transformation and rise of Japan in the post-war period. The transformation outgrowth occurs in transiting from cost advantage (wage arbitrage) to quality. wherefore comes the stage where quality is taken for granted, like hygiene, and clients start demanding innovation as a matter of course. Indian BPO as also IT is here right now and the ability of Indian players to innovate, in which they are still beginners, will determine their future.A few examples of innovative players to help employee retentionIntelenet Global Services, one of the leading BPO companies in India and rated among top-10 by NASSCOM, offering BPO and technology consulting services to clients in various sectors across the globe, has capitalized on its capabilities through employee innovation practices. To eliminate the boredom of the employees and keep them prompt to give their best for continuous value-addition to their clients, it offers its employees three career paths in the form of vertical growth, horizontal growth, and shift to parent company. While 70% of promotions in the organization are internal, only 30% is external. After 2 years of service, if an employee doesnt want to be a team leader (vertical growth), but desires to get into HR or instruction or other areas, he is allowed to shift diagonally across functions. Moreover, if someone who has worked for 2 years wants to move from nightshift to dayshift, then he is given first preference, subject to a vacancy in the parent company. Intelenet has sponsored offshor e domain specialization training courses for its employees, besides certification programs such as Train the Trainer. It has direct its employees to participate in seminars and conferences of top management institutes and also got them Customer Operations Performance Centre (COPC) certified. Similarly, prudential Process Management Services (PPMS), the wholly-owned BPO subsidiary of Prudential UK, also offers vertical and lateral growth for its employees, thus enhancing value for its clients as well as employees through employee innovation.eFunds International, a US-based company providing technology solutions in financial risk management and electronic payments, and consultancy services, is creating continuous value for its clients through employee innovation. Whenever an employee joins the organization, he is given a Magic Score Card, which serves as a training passport. eFunds provides its employees training expertise in domain areas and also focuses on leadership skills. Becau se of its innovation initiatives, eFunds net revenues increased 11% from $532 million in 2003 to $552 million in 2004.Infowavz, another(prenominal) BPO company, offers a 1-year Management Development Program for fresh employees who join the company after completing their MBAs. It also offers an Accelerated Career Development programme for highly motivated and self-driven employees who look for continuous challenges and opportunities to maximize their potential. It has designed a unique Team Innovation programme for top performers who are associated with new projects at the polisher stage or proof-of-concept stage. Infowavz lucidly communicates its career path to employees at the recruitment stage, defining the Key Result Areas, and conducts an exhaustive Training Needs Analysis programme to identify the deficiencies and build employee competencies.There are quite a few BPOs investing on platform technologies to differentiate themselves from competition and also to improve margins. Wipros stick in the outsourcing industry has led to the development of Base, a technology platform that integrates outsourced services with the customers internal business processes and fulfils the following requirementsFlexibility and continuous improvement curtail and transparencyComplainceFaster time to benefitAccuracy and QualityWhat it takes to be an innovatorA Partnering Attitude. Whats key here is a strong, long-term relationship amid the two organizations. Both organizations must discourage adversarial, us-versus-them attitudes. If the provider fails, the client failsand vice versa. This is not about warm, fuzzy feelings it is about clarifying synergies between the two organizations during the RFP wheel and ensuring alignment of interest just like in joint ventures.The Right Technology Platform. IT should support innovation. The technology platform provider must be able to make new technologies available quickly through the provider. This requires close collaboration betw een the BPO provider and the technology vendornot just marketing agreements. Also, buyers should select technology vendors with a demonstrated track record in bringing innovations to market over extended periods of time. BPO is long term it is an innovation marathon, not a sprint.The Appropriate judicature Mechanisms. Buyers must ingrain innovation in their governance. That includes creation of an innovation and technology council with members from both buyer and supplier who meet regularly to review progress, ensure the technology evolves, and check the benchmarks at regular intervals to identify where performance falls behind. And technology evolution must push innovation efficiently, meaning integration is easy because the platform conforms to standards. Buyers can insure their tech platform does this using proactive oversight and agreed-upon standards.Standardized Process Redesign and Related Technology. Buyers need to limit their customization demands whenever they can. If buy ers want innovation, the service deli really economics must work for the supplier. Suppliers that make money can afford to bring in innovation. This often becomes tricky because both buyer and supplier have to clearly understand the cost structure of the service delivery. A provider forced to accept a service delivery model that does not harness economies of scale, process optimization, or access to labour arbitrage is never going to be able to innovate, and customers forcing BPO providers to tweak their offerings may inadvertently kill the very root of the economic advantage suppliers are supposed to bring to the table. Better discussions about standardization pains and gains must happen between the client and the provider organization.Absolute top management commitment. No innovation can happen without top management commitment for both human and capital resources. This is very serious because when investing in innovation sometimes results are not immediate. The senior management must have the vision and patience to reap the benefits.ConclusionInnovation in the BPO space continues to be a challenge for the following reasonsBPOs are normally under margin pressures and resource commitments for innovation are difficult to make.The SLAs are very stringent and time bound. Moreover daily performance could affect the commercials in a big way. This is because organizations see this as a window to pretend out to their customers and a slip here would directly affect their customer satisfaction. Hence contracts are very tight and normally followed to the dot. This leaves very little mode for innovation. Running the operations everyday is a struggle in itselfPeople related issues are much higher when compared to the sister industry Information technology. The work hours are odd and the compensation less. This means a good amount of time being spent of motivational issues and coaching and training.Due to all these reasons, innovation in the BPO space continues to be a challenge. But in future as competition stiffens and the line between IT and ITES fades, there is a good discover that the scene gets better, including the organization I was working for.

Assessing The Agritourism Potential For Rural Tourism Essay

Assessing The Agritourism Potential For unsophisticated tourism EssayDevelopment is critical and essential to the sustenance and crop of any nation. The main goal of each and every pastoral is to reach maturement of the country. The term learning encompasses the charter and the means by which to provide separate lives for good deal in a country. Itincludes not only economic fruit, although that is crucial, but also human development providing health, nutrition, education, and aenvironment. However, in executing development is a interwoven issue and the basic perspective of it is equates development with economic. According to the United Nations Development Programme (2009) development is to facilitate a valuable long and healthy lives, to be knowledgeable, to get opportunities to use the resources involve for a trusty level of living and to be able to make full part in the community life.Gboyega (2003) captures development as an idea that embodies all attempts to correc t the considerations of human existence in all ramifications. implies improvement in material hygienic being of all citizens, not the intimately powerful and rich al angiotensin converting enzyme, in a sustainable way much(prenominal) that todays consumption does not imperil the future, it also admits that p all overty and inequality of access to the good things of life be removed or drastically reduced. It seeks to improve personal physical security and livelihoods and expansion of life chances. Thus, development reads at improving grand aspects of peoples lives such as livelihood, security, environmental, physical and mental well being. Enhance in knowledge, experience and resources is helped people to build a better life.The goal of development is to flourish the capabilities of people to live the li ves they choose to lead (Amartya Sen 1999). It is most defined with their active participation. Development is different from growth. It has broader and deeper meanings. Econ omic growth is necessary but not sufficient condition for development and hence it tin can be viewed as a multi-dimensional phenomenon. The major dimensions of it include the levelof economic growth, modulars of education, quality of housing, level of health, scattering of goods and services, and access to communication (World BankIngredients for development and economic growth argon capital formation, human resources, congenital resources, and technology/entrepreneurship. Capital formation is essential to charge in sectors with noble economic fall output, saving capital, investing in infrastructure creates jobs reign overly indirectly by attracting investors. Human resources be a key to development in any country. There is need to develop a mechanism to address lack of health facilities, lack of education, poverty, malnutrition, and disease. Human resource development is all-important(prenominal) if people ar to make use of ICT for development. Natural resources are cru cial in development. Development activities need to be harnessed more of their natural resources. It is irresponsible that they should improve farming techniques and develop better land ownership methods. Technology and entrepreneurship are important developing countries to improve the know-how and know-what. Openness to ideas is important if any economic system is to develop. The formation of regional and inter internal blocks encourages technology and entrepreneurshipDevelopment should be a sustainable long-term condition for humanitys multidimensional welfare. It has been clearly explained in the Rio Declaration, of United Nations convocation in 1992, held in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil as Humanat the center for sustainable development. They are entitled to productive life in harmony with nature called fair and balanced, meaning that, in order for development t, it should balance the interests of people, same multiplication and among generations, in three major interrelated a mbits social, and environmental and economic. Sustainable development equity, opportunities for well-being about objectives.Not all the countries in the world eat same level of development. While developed countries have reached higher(prenominal) level of development or standard living collectable to better standards in their societies, developing countries have faced several issues and challenges along their way towards development Developed countries are countries whose lives are patterned industry and have round specific characteristics like higher level of average per capita income, level of education, life expectancy of the population and al so low level of population growth rate and death rate. Life style is based on the market deliverance and economic activities are in general related with industry sector as well as export oriented. Furthermore, legal age of the population lives in cities and there i s relatively higher level of health of the population. Countries that have Human Development Index (HDI) of or over are in the category of developed countries. According to th e IMF index of HDI released in 2011, there are 47 countries in the and classified as possessing a Very high human developmentOn the former(a)(a) hand several common negative characteristics can be seen among developing countries as well. These are preventing the development of those countries. Low living are manifested qualitatively in form of low incomes , inadequate housing, poor l education, low life and work expectancy, many cases, a general malaise and hopelessness are some of them. Moreover, low levels of productivity in many areas like advertise productivity, agriculture or farm productivity. In addition, low level industrial development, high unemployment, miniature domestic market, small amount of disposable income and uneven regional development, problems in institutional changes , credit and banking, honest s and the restructuring of educational. Most of the devel oping countries population growth by high birth rate but declining rateRural development in developing countriesRural development is an integral part of the matter development of a country. Rural development actions mostly to the social and economic development of areas (Chigbu, 2012). Especially in developing countries, very high emphasis has folksy development, aiming to gain equitable and balance development throughout the country. Rural Development concerned with economic growth and social justice, improvement in the living standard of the campestral people by providing adequate and quality minimum essential. The indicate hobnailed development poverty alleviation, livelihood opportunities, provision of infrastructure facilities programs of wage and self-employmentRural development process of improving life and economic wellbeing in relatively populated areas (Malcolm, 2003). Although coarse development has on the exploitation natura lresources such as agriculture and fores try, due to changes in production networks urbanization have changed the areas. Increasingly, and recreation resource extraction and agriculture drivers (Neil and David, 2009). The need for approach a all-encompassingr perspective has created on a range of development goals creating incentive for agricul tural or businesses. Education, physical infrastructure, infrastructure all play role developing regions (Conn, 1996). Rural development emphasis on topical anaestheticly produced economic development strategies (MalcolmFurthermore, hoidenish development is the ways to improve the participation of the unpolished people as to meet the required need of the arcadian area. As people themselves in their rural development. When development is concerned, in one point of view it can be explained as the development consists of a wide variety of new activities such as production of high quality and region specific products, nature conservation and landscape management , agritourism and the development of tack chains (Knickel Renting, 2000). These new activities in rural areas mean new income sources to local people. Therefore itdoing diversification and utilizing multi-functionality of agri culture and formation of agritourism can be used as a strategy to enhance rural development Rural Development and national development in developing countriesIn developing countries, the rural development is one of the most important factors for the growth of the national economy. Desai (2009) recorded Rural Development is an important segment of national development. Developing countries are primarily agriculture-based countries and majority of the population are in rural areas. Agriculture renders for a significant share of the gross domestic product (GDP) of those countries Agriculture, mining, forestry, handicrafts, fisheries, poultry, diary and rural tourism are the primary contributors to the rural business economy of developing countriesHowever, in many developing co untries sufficient amount of investment in rural sector doesnt take key (United nation, 2011). The rural sector not able to contribute its full capability for the national development. For example, in the Asia-Pacific region governments implement strategies, including fiscal policies, which are the rural sector in general. Policies affecting the livelihoods development of producers and producers areas (United nation, 2011). As a consequence of the biased polic ies allocations government most concerned unable promote agriculture and rural development provision of timely and production services areas making lesser portion for the national development (FAO, 2003).Not only in Asia-Pacific has this problem existed in other regions of the world as well. The countries of the Caribbean need to invest in rural communities econo mic contribution development is officially believed, according World Bank name recently. The report evaluates the rural sector on poverty reduction, environmental degrada tion both in the rest of the economy, as the public policies that ts contribution to development (Viveros and Morrison 2005). A body of work of Onyemelukwe (1981) on the assessment of the performances of the rural the typical African country Nigeria in national development contexts has name out the critical role of the sector and the system make of inadequate equipment of the sector for such role. The Nigerian situation is used to illustrate the prospects and the problems of the rural sector in most African countriesRural sector in Sri Lanka is generally consisted of farming community. The agriculture sector is the cornerstone in Sri Lankas economy with more than of the population living in rural areas depending on agriculture for their livelihoods. in short this sector contributes to about 18% of the Domestic Product (GDP) and 30% of the employment (Central bank of Sri Lanka, 2011). Therefore, without taking into consideration agricultural development, we cant even im agine rural development in this country What is AgritourismIn general, agriourism is the practice of attracting travelers or visitors to an area or areas used primarily for agricultural purposes. In particular proposition, it refers to farm enterprises and community events that case the activities and produce of rural families and the agricultural inheritance of farming regions to travelers. Agritourism provides rural experiences to travelers with the goal of generating revenues for farmers and surrounding communities. These experiences typically include a wide range of attractions and activities that take place in agricultural areas Important ingredients of agritourisms rural experiences include open spots, low levels of urban or industrial development, and opportunities for visitors to directly experience agricultural, pastoral, and natural environments.Moreover, agritourism is a lineament of rural tourism. It is a combination of two complex industries agriculture and tourism, to open up alternative income sources for the farmers as well as surrounding community (Wicks and Merrett, 2003). Brscic (2006) has explained agritourism as a of tourism which takes place within the family farm that symbolizes a specific form of business, giving a number of benefits to the families involved, with multiple impacts on the socio-economic relations and the space in rural areas. It is a form of farm diversification aiming some benefits from exiting farm resources. Agritourism can be also explained that gives as an activity, enterprise , which help or business that combines most important characteristics of agriculture, industry investment and tourism that helps and provides an experience that stimulates economic activity and community income.Relationship between agritourism and rural developmentseveral(prenominal) seek findings in many developed countries have shown that agritourism as a possible rural development strategy. For example, Haghiri Okech (2011) discovered role of the agritourism in developing the economy of rural areas in the province of Newfoundland. According to Topcu (2009), agritourism is a new element for rural development in Turkey. Agritourism as an effective vehicle for development in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan (Dernoi, 2002 Weaver and Fennell, 1998). Study of Hightower (2011) is being used as a catalyst for additional income and triggering economic growth in rural areas. Disez, (1999) revealed represents and sophisticated activity taking place within the framework of rural development in Massif Central region in France, agritourism is the best way for the preservation of traditions and usage in the rural areas, supplying a sustainable rural development. In some countries like Italy, Spain, Greece, Austria, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Ireland and Norway it is a growing sector with the policies of the governments aiming to benefit from it as a regional development instrument (Demirta? Topcu, 2007 Frater, 198 3). Rural tourism benefits to local areas by bringing visitors to the region, increasing awareness for agricultural products and showcasing produce to the localregional community. It can also provide incentives for local heritage and conservation groups to preserve unique heritage landscapes and built heritage. Most studies have highlighted the multiple benefits that agritourism brings to the farm, local communities, agriculture heritage and natural resources (Fleischer and Pizam, 1997 Busby and Rendle, 2000 Ventura and Milone, 2000 Sharpley, 2002 Wicks Przezb? rska, 2005 Fleischer and Tchetchik, 2005 Mitchell and De Agritourism Research conducted in developing countriesA small number of researches have been conducted in some developing countries in Asia. Malaysia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, and India are examples of such countries. When South Asiatic countries are concerned, the number of research is very few. India is the country leading in agritourism in this regi onAccording to Tiraieyari and Hamzah (2011) in Malaysia, there are potential benefits of agritourism for farmers and local communities in general. Further indicated that agritourism as an economic development instrument has great potential to contribute to rural development as Malaysia is one of the tourist countries with great potential to develop agritourism. As per the national Council of Agriculture and fisheries (COA) of Taiwan, after registering a huge and wide decline of GDP in 2001, 173 Farms had been soon established for tourism sector and this created the development of rural Taiwan such as chi-ching Shwei-Li in (Murangwa, 2 010) A recent research field on agritourism in Thailand discovered that agritourism has been utilize the agricultural holdings produce for such as scenery from paddy fields and farm lands , food and fibre from products (vegetable, fruit, e from local products, accommodations from farm stay or vacated property to gain local development in area As repo rted by the South East Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture ( SEARCA), in Manila Philippines, could be a nich? tourism product that would help improve farm incomes provided a well-planned program is put in place. It give consolidate initiatives in agriculture and tourism sectors nationwide that contribute d to poverty reduction, natural resources management, and rural development in Aguiba.A research in Chitwan District in Nepal found out the importance of agritourism for the rural development in Nepal. Agritourism is the impression of diverting the tourists to those rural areas, where there is range of agricultural activities, services and amenities provided by farmers and rural people attract both internal as well as international tourists in order to generate extra income for their business. The living standard of the farmers and rural poor can be raised by come uponing high value-low volume crops, which have comparative advantages and by optima lly utilizing the procurable resources for sustainable development (Maharjan, 2008). However, the available literary productions evidence that our neighboring country India engaged in agritourism successfully. According to the research on Agritourism the potential for sustainable development and growth seek the scope for developing agritourism in India has been conducted by Raghunandan et al.,(2010). This research has concluded that potential for Agritourism in India to grow into an important source of income for the rural population if the development is concentrate on integration and participation. Furthermore, Agritourism has been identified as a source of generation of alternative income for farmers and local employment opportunities, reduction of gender bias and accelerate growth rate by Chadda and Bhakare (2010) based on their research on Socio-Economic Implications of Agritourism in India Agritourism in Sri LankaEvidence on only one study related to agritourism and rural development of Sri Lanka was found as a result of the vigorous literature search during the study. One study i s the research conducted by Senanayaka and Wimalaratna (2010) about agritourism and rural development in Sri Lanka. Special reference to Nuwara Eliya District. They have found that the economic problems as well as development potentials remain in areas side by side in the country. Only a small work out of the vast rural agritourism resource base is being utilized by the industry now with little or no benefits to rural people. Dedicated research work on agritourism will promote the sector with the participation of policy makers, communities and private investors on a sustainable manner while trickling down a reasonable fraction of the benefits to the rural people. This would diversify their agricultural livelihoods and improve their income and living standardsAs per the literature review, agritourism in most of the countries has a short history and it is at the developing s tage (Maumbe, 2012 Bernardo et al., 2007). Several countries have the research findings mainly based on preliminary research and pilot studies. Therefore, there definitely a need for future research to verify the preliminary findings of these researches especially in developing countries. Moreover, several researchers have shown that agritourism ha s often of strengths and opportunities for the improvement of rural areas and rural development. However those researches have been conducted in specific condition which is unique to that particular country itself. Therefore, generalization of the findings to other countries is not so valid specially, for developing countries having lots of variations in geographical, political, economical and environmental conditions. Not only the differences among the developing countries, there are several regional level differences within a country. Furthermore, in a country, rural areas are different from each other. Thus, testing the level of contr ibution of the rural development at provincial level is the best way to identify the real potential of it. Since a very few number of research have been conducted at provincial level in developing countries, there is a need for lots of research of this kind. Even though in Sri Lanka there may be potential in this regard, no sufficient research have been conducted in this field. Therefore, this kind of research is highly important.Problem statementSri Lanka is a developing country and there is a need to enhance the living condition of the people by developing the total economy of the country There is a gradual, but comparatively slow increase in GDP in the country for several years (FigureFigure 1.1 Improvement of the GDP from 2002 to 2012Source Central Bank of Sri LankaSri Lanka tourism has contributed to the growth of total economy for several years. However, due to existing civil war during 2008-2009, tourism being faced a declining trend. Alon g with ending the war in 2009, touri sm industry restated to flourish and contribute for the significantly. As a result, by now it is one of the main contributors of the national income of the country and expects to have further growth in future. The total annual direct contribution of Travel and Tourism GDP in 2011 was LKR219.7 (3.4% GDP). This is future based forecast to rise by 5.6% to. This figure has primarily reflects the economic activity actually generated through the industries such as hotels, restaurants, parks, travel agents, airl ines and other local and foreign tourist transportation services (excluding commuter services). The average gross direct contribution of travel and tourism is expected to grow by 5.7% per annum to of GDP) by 2022Figure 1.2 Contribution of travel and tourism to GDP fromSource World Travel and Tourism councilMoreover, travel tourism generated 236,500 jobs directly in 2011 (3.0% of total employment) and this is forecast to of total employment). This includes employment by hotels, to ur operators travel agents, airlines, sea line and other passenger transportation and helping services (excluding supportive services). It includes, for example, the prent activities of the restaurant, hotels, villas, and leisure industries directly and highly supported by tourists. By tourism will account for 293,000 jobs directly, an increase of 2.2% per annum over the next ten years.Figure1.3 Travel and tourisms contribution to employment opportunities from 2011Source World Travel and Tourism councilRural sector performs a significant contribution for the national development in the country. About 70 percent of Sri Lankas population lives its rural areas. In rural areas, main sectors that are helping for rural development are agriculture, forestry, fisheries, mining, art and craft and rural tourism. Among these sectors, the most important one is agriculture. A large number of people in the rural sector engaged mainly agriculture and allied activities.Agriculture sector can gener ate regionally equitable economic growth, rural livelihood improvement, and food security through cost-efficient production of commodities for consumption for agro-based industries. Since agriculture sector has multi-functionality, it can link with other sectors like tourism and form new opportunities for local and regional development. Considering the experience of other developing countries in Asia, it can be assumed that there will be a potential for agritourism for the rural development in Sri Lanka. Therefore, this study will answer the question does agritourism represent a significant and viable rural development tool in Sri Lanka.Objectives of the studyThe broad objective of this research is to explore the potential of agritourism for rural development in Sri Lanka with special reference to demand, supply and impacts of agritourism issues.Specific objectives of this research areTo find out the current supply of agritourism in theTo study the government policy interventions i n tourism and agritourism sector of the countryTo identify and assess the visitors needs and satisfaction of and demand for agritourism of the countryTo find out the local residents attitude towards impacts of agritourism economic and contribution of agritourism for rural development and alsoTo study the national and provincial level support to the development of agritourism as a sector of rural developmentTo recommend ways and strategies to development of agritourism in Sri Lanka as a sector of rural developmentConceptual FrameworkThe aim of this research is to study the agritourism and its contribution for the rural development in the country. The main agritourism are agritourism providers, visitors, local residents and the government. Figure1.4 shows the relationship of the stake holder in agritourism and how agritourism links with rural developmentAgritourism providers supply the agritourism. They can be farmers, private sector companies or organizations. Agritourism supply can be conducted by adding tourism activities to the existing farm and set up facilities for the visitors to come to the farm, see those activities and get knowledge about them, spend leisure time at the farm. In supply agritourism three things are important. Things to see (farm animals, fruits, vegetables, herbal plants) activities to do (feeding animals, milking cows, harvesting crops, climbing trees, picking fruits, threshing paddy)farm products to buy (yogurts, curds, fruits, vegetable, jam jellyVisitors can be local or foreign people those who are ready to buy the agritourism services. They make demand for agritourism. They come to visit the farm to see things, get a rest, enjoy farm activities and sometimes study on farming, Farm stay for few days, visit surrounding villages, buy local art and craft items, see cultural shows perform by local people and pay for the farm goods and services they consumed. In this way agritourism provider can earn extra income and other returns from agritourism which is the main aim of providing agritourism. Improvement of the level of income and living standard of the agritourism providers (especially farmers) is the main aspects of agritourism business. Other important point regarding agritourism is the presence of other tourism attractions in the area. Other tourism attractions can act as a motivational factor for visiting agritourism operation. Moreover, proper government interference through correct rules and regulations are essential to operate the agritourism industry smoothlyAlso, on the way, visitors can buy local products of nearby local residents, can visit other interesting places in the village like religious places cultural sites, national parks, forests, waterfalls, traditional festivals, folk games. In this way, visitors can interact with local residents of the area. These interactions create economic, social-cultural and environmental that impacts for the rural development of the area. Furthermore local reside nts can sell their products and labour to agritourism operation and ear n some money. Enhancement of the level of income and livingstandard of local residents are the other aim of agritourism along the way to rural development.The other important factor is the government attitude towards agritourism and intervention to rural areas where agritourism operations are available. Especially provincial and local level governments have certificate of indebtedness to enhance the condition of the area up to a good stand making it suitable for conducting tourism activities. So that, provision of infrastructure facilities such as road system, transport facilities, water, electricity telecommunication to the area have to be taken place. Not only that, banking facilities, safety and security, medical facilities for the areaalso needed to be provided. In this way, provisions of infrastructure facilities directly help for the rural develop of the areaFigure 1.4 Conceptual Framework of theScope and Limitations of the StudyThis study has covered important aspects such as the supply of agritourism (number of destinations, scale of operation, available facilities, number of visitors, length of stay etc). Demand for agritourism (demographic information of visitors, nature of their demand, visitors satisfaction towards agritourism, demand function) information of local residents (impacts of agritourism on them, their attitudes towards agritourism development) andpolicies related to agritourism development in the country. Agritourism is a business process. However, aspects like establishment, management development, improvement, marketing and promotion of the operations are beyond the scope of this studyThere were few limitations in this research. This is a small-scale research conducted at local level with four types of stakeholder operators, visitor, local residents and government officials within only few districts without the whole country. In terms of operators, analysis like benefit cost ratio, IRR of agritourism etc., could not be done as they did not emergency to disclose financial information due to tax problems. With regard to agritourism visitor s, comparatively a low number of visitors were included in the study. The sample sizing resident is also comparatively low. The study was totally based on a cross sectional data, not the longitudinal data Organizing the DissertationThis oration consists of sevener chapters. Chapter one presents the background of the study, problem statement, objectives, conceptual scope and limitations of the study. Chapter two explains about tourism and agritourism. Introduction to tourism, definitions, industry, initiation of and development of agritourism have been discussed. Chapter three is focused on rural development Introduction to rural development, definitions of rural development, relationship between rural development and agritourism, agritourism, activities involved in agritourism, history of agritourism hav e been explained in detail. Chapter four explains the methodology. Different research philosophies, approached, designs have been explained at the beginning. After that justification of research approaches and designs related to this study have been presented. Then, introduction to research study area and the research designs have been explained in detail.Chapter five discusses about Sri Lanka tourism and development. Detail introduction to Sri Lanka in general and tourism in the country in particular have been presented. Furthermore, information about tourism policy and needs for agritourism policy in the country have been discussed at the end of the chapter. Chapter six devoted to present the research outcomes. Present situation of supply of agritourism in the country, different suppliers available facilities, agritourism activities, strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of agritourism have been discussed as the first section of this chapter. Then, profile of visi tors and their satisfaction level towards available products and services are presented as the second section of this chapter. Thereafter, demand for agritourism, visitors awareness, desire on agritourism and factors affecting the demand have discussed as the third section. Furthermore, evaluation of the lore of local residents towards different impacts of agritourism in country has been done as the forth section and finally, government officials attitude towards impact of agritourism for the rural development in the country and national and provincial level support to the development of agritourism as a sector o f rural development have been explained in detail. Chapter seven is the last chapter. At the beginning of the chapter conclusions of the study have been presented and it is followed by the recommendations of the study.

Cultural Adjustment :: essays papers

Cultural AdjustmentAn analysis of cultural shocksComing to America was nonpareil of my dreams, so I started working on it andafter completing collage, I received the visa for the States and boughtthe ticket to come to America. I was a little bit abstruse because Ihad been hearing ab come to the fore America since my childhood. There is a hugecultural difference between my society and the modern society of theStates, and because of these differences, my friends and I set about someproblems after coming here. These problems are commonly called culturalshocks. By analyzing the differences between America and my owncountry of Pakistan, in the areas of gender roles, family, marriage andcelebrations, one can see how cultural shocks occur.Since my birth, I have been living in a society where the men and womenare not all to interact with distri barelyively other as over here. It is one of thebiggest differences in my culture and the culture here. There areusually separate classes for gi rls and boys in my society, but overhere, on that point is no concept of this. In addition, I know you willsurprise to earn that having a boyfriend for a girl or a girlfor a boy is a difficult achievement.In my society there is a joint family system, the children livetogether with their parents whether they are under 18 or not. Overhere, there is a concept of individualism. Every one has anindividual life, making their own decisions for every thing. Here, aperson over 18 living with his parents is considered an immatureperson. In my culture, a person not living with his parents doesnthave a respectable place in the society, because it is our social andreligious impost to take care of our parents.Divorce is common here, but in my society its not good to even thinkabout it. People are divorced, but not as commonly as over here. Forexample, among every 100 married people, perhaps just one is divorced,but over here out of hundred, about fifty are divorced or separated.Also, some co uples live together without a legal marriage.One day, I went to a wedding Lords Supper with my uncle .It was one of hisfriends weddings. I just sat there, wondering when the people wouldsing songs and when the lunch would start, but after kissing eachother, my uncles friend and his wife went on a long drive in their carwith a poster on the back saying, Just got married. It was reallysurprising for me to attend a wedding like this, because in my culture,

Theme of William Wordsworth as a Prophet in Tintern Abbey Essay

Poet as Prophet When I spoke last, I ended with the image of Wordsworth as a monk or priest-like figure zealously converting Dorothy and, by extension, the reader into a position within his pile of the world. But even more than priest, Wordsworth often depicts the romantic poet as prophet. This impression is demonstrated more clearly in The Prospectus to the Recluse than in Tintern Abbey. In the 1814 version of the Prospectus he writes Paradise, and groves Elysian, Fortunate Fields -- like those of ageing Sought in the Atlantic Main -- why should they be A history only of departed things, Or a mere fiction of what never was? For the discerning intellect of Man, When wedded to this goodly universe In love and holy passion, shall find these A simple produce of the common day. (47-55) Similar to his vision in Tintern where perceptions are both half created by the imagination and half perceived by the senses, here Wordsworth declares that for those who recognize its power, the human mind, or imagination, can combine with nature, can heal the split between nature and mankind, the sublime and the beautiful, to re-create an edenic heaven on Earth. Wordsworth then goes on to assert -- I, long before the merry hour arrives, Would chant, in lonely peace, the spousal verse Of this great consummation -- and by words Which speak of nothing more than what we are, Would arouse the sensual from their catnap Of Death, and win the vacant and the vain To noble raptures (56 - 62) Wordsworth, as the romantic poet-prophet, has a preview of ... ...e romantic era ends with the sublimated subject removed from any give outside that reflected by the romantic centre -- an ironically alienating end to a movement that began in an attempt to unite with the universe. Bibliography Abrams, M.H, General Ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. quaternary ed. Vol. 2. New York Norton and Company, 1979. Althusser, Louis. Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses. Lenin and Philosophy and other essays. Translated from the French by Ben Brewster. London New Left Books, 1971. 121-173. Wordsworth, William. Lines Composed a Few Miles preceding(prenominal) Tintern Abbey. Abrams, Gen. Ed. 155-158. ---. Preface to Lyrical Ballads. Abrams, Gen. Ed. 160-175. ---. Prospectus to The Recluse. Abrams, Gen. Ed. 227-230. ---. The Prelude, or Growth of a Poets Mind. Abrams, Gen. Ed. 257-313.